Today's idea came from someone anonymous at math.stackexchange.com. We'll be seeing, with an interesting group action, why the intersection of two subgroups of finite index is finite.
Let $(G, +)$ be a group, and $H$ and $K$ subgroups. Let $G/H$ and $G/K$ be the sets of left cosets of $H$ and $K$, respectively. Consider the diagonal action of $G$ on $G/H \times G/K$.
(In other words, $g$ acting on $(g' + H, g'' + K)$ is $((g + g') + H, (g + g'') + K)$. One can quickly check this is a well-defined group action.)
The stabilizer of $H\times K$ is the set of all $g \in G$ such that $g + H = H$ and $g + K = K$, so the stabilizer of $H \times K$ is $H \cap K$.
Now we suppose $H$ and $K$ are subgroups of finite index. Then the orbit of $H \times K$ has to be finite, since $G/H \times G/K$ is finite. By the orbit stabilizer theorem, it follows that $[G : H \cap K]$ is finite.
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